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Cash rounding
Cash rounding or Swedish rounding (New Zealand English) occurs when the minimum unit of account is smaller than the lowest denomination of currency. The amount payable for a cash transaction is rounded to the nearest multiple of the minimum currency unit, whereas transactions paid in other ways are not rounded (for example electronic funds transfer like credit cards, or negotiable instruments like cheques). Cash rounding typically occurs when low-denomination coins are removed from circulation owing to inflation. Cash rounding may be a compulsory legal requirement if such coins are no longer legal tender, or a voluntary practice where they remain in circulation but are scarce.
Cash rounding was introduced in Sweden in 1972 when 1 and 2 öre coins were withdrawn from circulation; the practice is called "öresavrundning", meaning "öre rounding", and since 2010 applies to all coins less than one krona. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand used the name "Swedish rounding" in 1990 when withdrawing their 1- and 2-cent coins. In Canada, cash rounding due to the 2013 elimination of the penny is also called penny rounding.
When small-value coins are withdrawn, an alternative to the implementation of cash rounding is instead to increase the minimum unit of account to the smallest remaining currency unit and round all prices and bank accounts to this value. Whereas cash rounding is an ongoing process, this alternative is a one-time conversion. It was done, for example, when the British farthing was withdrawn in 1960.
== Practice ==
Rounding is applied to the total of a bill, not to the line items on the bill. Typically, the total is rounded to the nearest multiple of the smallest denomination, which may be higher or lower than the unrounded total. An exception is that the amount is never rounded down to zero. Where the unrounded total is an equal distance from two multiples, practice varies: merchants may be required or encouraged to round down rather than up, giving the benefit to the buyer. An equal distance is possible when the rounding interval is an even number.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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